Business Organization free essay sample

An Entrepreneur or business owner will sell stock to investors, and in return, promise the investors a percentage of the company’s profits, based on how much stock they buy. We see this in larger businesses in the US, most notably during the market crash we experienced a couple years ago. Independent investors as well as other companies bought and shared stock with many of the big banking corporations, since the bands values began to drop, shareholders were trying to get rid of their stock in the company, just to be able to get their money back. This caused frenzy in the stock market, and we saw banks crash overnight. Banks no longer had the money to manage their day to day operations, and they found themselves actually in debt to many of their customers. So many customers lost their 401k’s and other investments, because the funds were simply no longer there, thanks to the withdrawal of banking investors. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another example is the new TV show, ‘Shark Tank’, where wealthy investors will give small business owners a chance to pitch a deal to them. The owner will ask for a certain amount of investment in order to grow their company, in return a share of the profits with the investor from their business. This is an interesting show to watch, because it kind of gives a more personal feel to the stock market, and insight as to how investors think and view businesses to decide on whether or not they would be a profitable investment. Limited liability Company In a limited liability situation, an Entrepreneur or business owner is not personally liable for the company. This is the way the business owners can protect their personal assets, in case their business goes bankrupt. The only money that is at risk is what has been invested in the company by the stockholders. If I was a going to start a business, I would want to try to establish capital without needing to put up my house or car or any of my personal belongings as collateral for a loan. If I was able to do so, I would also want to have limited liability to my business. If my new business fails, my house and my car would not be seized to pay off any company debts, I would be able to simply ‘walk away’ from the venture, and still have my personal belongings. This can have a negative impact on some businesses, as some people will create a new business that is fraudulent or not credible. Since the business owner has no personal liability to the company, we sometimes see people who will take advantage of the situation, and will operate a fraudulent and corrupted company that will steal investors’ money. Partnership In a partnership, two people agree to go into a business venture with one another, and agree on terms for the business, like the dividing of profit and responsibility. There are a couple different variances of this kind of ownership; the first is the obvious partnership. Two people will pool together their experience and resources to start a construction company for example. One person will invest a little more than the other, so the partners agree to split profits 60%/40%, the 60% going to the partner who was able to invest more. This is similar to a joint stock company, the more that is invested, the more that is returned. Both partners can agree to share responsibility and involvement in the company’s day to day business. For example, one partner has better accounting and project planning skills, so they will handle all of the paperwork and office duties related to the business; while the other partner who is skilled in construction, will be responsible for completing jobs and projects to earn money for the company. Both partners have an equally important role in the business. Another example of Partnership is having a ‘silent partner’. In this case, a company will have more than one owner, but one will chose to stay uninvolved with the companies’ day to day operations, and will simply serve as an investor for the company, while the other partner runs the business. Sole Proprietorship In this type of business, a company is owned entirely by one single person. This person is responsible for everything relating to the company. Unfortunately, since the businesses only existence is its owner, this means that the owner is personally responsible for the business. If the business goes bankrupt, or had debt, then the owner accepts those liabilities personally, meaning their house or can be seized to pay off debt. For example, my I know someone who owns a construction company. He has no investors, no stocks, no partners, and no corporation or legal entity to share the burden of liability. If a customer decides to sue the owner for faulty work and wins in court, the court has the right to place a judgment against the owner personally, and has the right to take his house, and anything else he owns with value in order to pay off the judgment that is owed to the customer. This leaves him open to a great deal of liability. At the same time, this is beneficial to him because he currently does not have to share his profits from the business with anyone. He doesn’t have investors or a partner that he has to split the profits with, he can make as much profit as he can and keep every penny of it. He doesn’t have to answer to anyone regarding the company either, he can make decisions himself, and do as he sees fit for his business; Freedom, but with a great deal of liability.

Free Essays on Rocking Horse Winner

When a person is lucky, it doesn’t not have to mean that they are fortunate with money. Luck is the chance for things to go the way you want them to go with out having any control over the situation. In The Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence, the mother seems to believe that luck is strictly having money, and when there is no money, there is no luck. The mother’s idea of luck meaning money brings forth the two ideas of greed and death throughout the story. Money plays a huge part in this story. The mother is obsessed with having more and more money. She lives the life of a woman with money, never allowing anyone to see past the family’s small income. The mother was very selfish, having no love for anyone but herself. Her whole idea of money made her so selfish and hard, that she lost her husbands love, and there was no love between her children, either. Whispers started to wander through the house. It was from the rocking horse. The whispers said there must be more money. He thought that if he found luck he would be able to make enough money to make the whispers stop. Rocking the horse day by day and listening to the names of the horses that were going to win was the beginning of his downfall. Paul did not know anything about the consequences he was going to face. Money kept on coming and his mother was becoming more and more confused about where this luck suddenly came from. Paul let his uncle in on the sudden lucky streak with the rocking horse. His uncle asked no questions, just kept on betting on horses and winning large amounts of money. When the biggest race of the year came along, Paul rode the rocking horse with all his might and died that night. He had won eighty-thousand pounds without having to enjoy the his mother would of gave him for being lucky. The theme of this story is luck, but in this case it ended up being a curse. It seemed that to be successful in this society ... Free Essays on Rocking Horse Winner Free Essays on Rocking Horse Winner Ashley E. Pearson Live for money, die for money Through our life, we all strive to be wealthy, important, and to be loved. The story, â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner†, written by D.H. Lawrence describes how a family relationship is affected by money, material gain and social position. Paul, the young son in the story, wants to be loved so much that he is willing to risk everything, even his life to try to earn his mothers’ love. At the beginning of the story, the family is not happy since money is a big issue with them. To be successful in the society in which they lived, you had to have a certain amount of luck to be rich. â€Å"Why don’t we keep a car of our own? Why do we always use Uncle’s or a taxi?† â€Å"It’s because your father has no luck† (Lawrence 588-589). Since Paul’s mother thinks that her husband and the children are not lucky, then therefore they are not rich in her eyes. Even though they live like they are rich, they are living a â€Å"champagne taste on a beer budget†. She also does not have the love that she should have for her children because of this. She married for love in the beginning. The love that was once there has now faded, and she can not find any love but for herself now. Because of her love for money, she has a very cold heart and is always thinking of a way to get more money. Because Paul wants to be loved, his drive to find luck was fueled by the whispers he heard throughout the house. â€Å"There must be more money! There must be more money† (Lawrence 588)! Paul thought that if he found luck, then he would be able to make the whispers stop and also make his mother happy. His method of searching for luck was rather unusual and would eventually lead to his downfall. Paul would ride like crazy on an old rocking horse he had. Eventually, it seemed as if Paul found what he was looking for. He developed a habit of betting on horse races. After he started winning, he knew ... Free Essays on Rocking Horse Winner When a person is lucky, it doesn’t not have to mean that they are fortunate with money. Luck is the chance for things to go the way you want them to go with out having any control over the situation. In The Rocking Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence, the mother seems to believe that luck is strictly having money, and when there is no money, there is no luck. The mother’s idea of luck meaning money brings forth the two ideas of greed and death throughout the story. Money plays a huge part in this story. The mother is obsessed with having more and more money. She lives the life of a woman with money, never allowing anyone to see past the family’s small income. The mother was very selfish, having no love for anyone but herself. Her whole idea of money made her so selfish and hard, that she lost her husbands love, and there was no love between her children, either. Whispers started to wander through the house. It was from the rocking horse. The whispers said there must be more money. He thought that if he found luck he would be able to make enough money to make the whispers stop. Rocking the horse day by day and listening to the names of the horses that were going to win was the beginning of his downfall. Paul did not know anything about the consequences he was going to face. Money kept on coming and his mother was becoming more and more confused about where this luck suddenly came from. Paul let his uncle in on the sudden lucky streak with the rocking horse. His uncle asked no questions, just kept on betting on horses and winning large amounts of money. When the biggest race of the year came along, Paul rode the rocking horse with all his might and died that night. He had won eighty-thousand pounds without having to enjoy the his mother would of gave him for being lucky. The theme of this story is luck, but in this case it ended up being a curse. It seemed that to be successful in this society ...

Describe a place in which you are both familiar and interested Essay

Describe a place in which you are both familiar and interested - Essay Example Shah Jahan loved his wife Mumtaj Mahal so much, but was grief-stricken at her death during child birth. He wanted to keep her memory alive till eternity and so built the beautiful Taj which stands as India’s pride attracting tourists from far and near to revel in its beauty. The exotic Taj is situated in the lush green plains of Agra, behind which runs the sacred river Yamuna. It is made of huge slabs of creamy white marble and is studded with thousands of semi-precious stones. The pathway leading up to the monument is flanked by tall palm trees which act as a border to a moat of crystal clear water spurted out from dancing fountains. It has an impressive circular dome with four minarets, one in each corner. The structure is so impressive that it makes the beholder stare at it in awe before making an entrance. The arched entrance has a huge and heavily crafted wooden door with shiny brass door-knobs. It leads into a massive hall filled with archways and has a high ceiling which is intricately carved with patterns of flowering plants that adorn it, enhancing its magnificence. Right in the centre of the hall are the cold marble tombs of Shah Jahan and his beloved wife Mumtaj Mahal that are covered with floral patterns and embellished with precious stones which are a deep blue. An Octagonal screen made from perforated marble called â€Å"Jalis† form the border surrounding the two cenotaphs in the centre chamber. Each of these Jalis was carved with intricate and exquisite designs from a single slab of marble and allows not only air to circulate but also sunlight which scatters beautiful patterns over the cenotaphs. The eight faces of the jalis are decorated with flowering plants like lilies and poppies intrinsically embedded with colorful gemstones such as agate, sandstone and carnelian. From the centre of the dome, above the cenotaphs in the mausoleum, hangs a beautifully

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 76

Marketing - Essay Example Market research also enables firms that are new to gain a competitive edge over the more established firms. For instance, when Sprite was launched in Ireland, it struggled to get a market share of the beverage company however, after proper research they discovered that if they branded it more as a cool drink that they would be more popular. With proper rebranding, sprite was able to sell double the expected number of bottles and even launch the 2-litre bottle ahead of time. (Parasuraman, Dhruv & Ramayya, 2007) A primary research study is a study that has not been done before involving the first set of data to be recorded relating to the study. Using clothes selection as my choice to conduct research in, to select a sample frame I would take into consideration the target group of my product. The consumers would have to be divided according to age, gender marital status and number of children. The volume and nature of data required would be taken in to consideration whether it is quantitative or qualitative (Wild and Diggines, 2009). With qualitative data only a small niche of the market is targeted as compared with quantitative data, however, quantitative data requires less expertise and would be preferable for primary data to get data over the entire market. In selecting the sample, data collection method cost must be considered as well as the main purpose of the research and the period for conducting the research to be done (Wild and Diggines, 2009). The survey method of data collection is the least credible since high number of surveys are not returned when sent via the postal method and there is always the risk that the respondents who did reply are of a particular demography that relates to the survey meaning that their responses will be overrepresented in the data collection. This is because there is no interaction between the respondent and surveyor, this method is not suitable for qualitative study (Gupta, 2003). However, the main advantage of the

Describe the relationship between the concepts of consumer surplus, Essay

Describe the relationship between the concepts of consumer surplus, moral hazard, and welfare loss - Essay Example For example, it works less well if commodity prices no longer represent the true cost of producing goods, or if the prices of resources no longer indicate their relative scarcity. It also works less well if agents are prevented from responding to price signals. Interventions of this kind include taxes and subsidies and quantity constraints (Leach 8). Hence, in a free, competitive market, the increased presence of interventions (e.g. taxes and quantity constraints) reduces the capacity of agents to respond to price-signals, and then surplus is not maximized but lessened. The lost surplus is called the welfare cost. However, Leach noted that there are also intervention types that do not harm this price-signaling mechanism such as the case of redistribution (8). In the case of a subsidy, which is the opposite of tax imposition, although both of the consumers and producers enjoy an increase in their surpluses, the gains in consumer and producer surplus would again be exceeded by the gove rnment's loss of surplus, thus incurring a welfare cost (Leach 14). Leach (12) cites that the welfare cost in this case occurs because the subsidy encourages trades that are not mutually beneficial. Each of these units was sold by a producer who placed a value of at least p* on the unit, and bought by a consumer who placed a value of no more than p* on it.

System for Occupational Health and Safety Management

System for Occupational Health and Safety Management 1.1 General Overview Agape Homes Trust provides intellectual disability level care for adults in residential and day care. The trust provides services to develop individuals skills, talents and interest and assist them to live a integrated life. The manager oversees to two care centres. There is a well established management team supporting the running of the centre. The service has a clinical coordinator, a team leader, four support workers. A shortfall identified in this audit around staff training and other records has been addressed. Health and Safety System Audit report Policies and Procedures Policies and procedures are reviewed on regular basis and updated to reflect best practice, standards and legislation. Policies are in placed and documented rationally to determine skill mix and staffing levels. Roster is provided for appropriate coverage for effective delivery of services to the client at all times. The trust uses a combination of computer based planning for cares and documentation based information. The long term care plan is computer based and a printed out summary placed in front of the clients file. There is a lifestyle questionnaire for residents which provides information regarding the residents past and present likes and dislikes. Intervention are planned round those hobbies with set timeframe. Certain activities are planned out as well. Food, culture, religious beliefs are also considered. Accident records Interview with the Team leader it was found that the trust has no incident and accident record file onsite. All accident and incident reports are documentation, investigated within 24 hours of occurrence. Reported to and reviewed by the clinical coordinator. Corrective measures initiated immediately and data compiled on the data base and the paper work sent to the main office where it is kept in file. Standards NZS8134:2008 Health and Disability Services Standards are followed in policies ensuring appropriate standard comply with clients rights and services provided in a manner that clients are respected, minimises harm, facilitate choice and acknowledges persons culture, value and beliefs. Also services are effectively communicated to the residents and their whanau. ISO standard is also followed in policies where there is food handling involved and to ensure services are reliable and of quality for residents, whanau and staff. Job Description Each and every person at Agape Trust is responsible to comply with current occupational Health and Safety (OSH) legislation and safety at work. Everyone works safely at all times; uses safety equipment provided; identify hazards and report instantly; encourage others to work safely; monitoring of own health and measures to improve when necessary. Also safe evacuation of residents and others during emergency; maintain safe environment for self, staff and residents. The General Manager is to be reported of any concern regarding security or any other issues. Training Records Was unable to site the training records as it kept in the office at all times. Interview with the team leader the following information was gathered. When required or requested by team leader, be involved in on the job training and service orientation of staff and volunteers. In house health and safety training in form of induction provided to new workers and volunteers. All staff to possess a valid First Aid Certificate, participate in refresher course, external training and qualification based on certified training. Manuals Manuals on how to use equipments available and kept in files. No written safety rules developed and posted around the equipment. Little attempt is made to control hazardous points on equipment. For example the treadmill is located near the door way to the laundry. Manuals on working with equipment and hazardous substances can easily be obtained at anytime. Hazard Register Hazard Register updated and accessed easily for handling common issues, hazards, causes with controls and options to assist control. It also has tools, resources and case studies. The register consist of hazard such as slips,trips,falls, manual handling, hitting stationery objects, challenging behaviours, exposure to trauma, stress, workplace violence, workplace bullying, security, shift work and hazardous substances. The hazards recorded were minimised, eliminated or isolated. It has been updated by the General Manager and initials of each worker after reading and understanding it. Inventories All inventories are hand written in books and updated bi monthly basis by the team leader and the clinical coordinator. Inventories expiry is checked and damaged equipment replaced or fixed. The data is then transferred to the computer for records. Health and Safety System Organisational Requirement Have they been met? (No, partly, mostly, fully) Policies and Procedures Fully met Policies and procedures are checked and updated. The safety procedures are in formats that are easily understood and special communication needs of people using the building taken into consideration as well. The staffs is familiar with the health and safety arrangements at the work place. There are policies and procedures around waste management, cleaning, laundry. Emergency management and the staff are fully aware of them. Policies and procedures also in placed for safe practice and staffs are closely monitored all times. Organisational Management Mostly met There is enough qualified staff on duty at the Trust all times. The trust provides cares for highly needy clients with intellectual disability so experienced and qualified staff should be available at all time. The staff rooster is updated weekly. So the staffs have received adequate orientation and training before starting work. Accident Records Not met There are no records of previous accident records at the Trust. All accident records are sent to the main office where data is transferred to the computer and the paper stored in file. Organisational requirement. The trust should have an accident record file with previous accident records present at the premises as this may help for future references. Standards Fully Met Checking with residents, interview with team leader, staff ensured that policies support consumer rights under this standard. Residents well informed of their rights; personal privacy is protected and suffers no discrimination. Organisational Requirements The standards have been approved by Ministry of Health under the Act and set the standards for health and disability services. Standards have been reviewed yearly which includes general standards, core standards, infection prevention and control standards, restraint minimisation standards, organisational management and providing of safe environment. Job Description Fully Met All staff at the Trust has clear roles and responsibilities and their use their knowledge and skills to promote a positive health and safety culture in the workplace. As organisational and legislative requirement, each worker has to comply with safety policies and practices and their help in planning, implementing and monitoring of protective and preventative safety measures at workplace. All staff has written job descriptions and written copy of their terms and conditions of employment before commencing with the job. Training Records Not met Staff files not updated. Document such as training undertaken and completed not found. Organisational requirement Long standing staff needs their competency and skills assessed to determine the need for further training. The trust needs staff training and development programmes to maintain skills, meet the changing needs of the residents, fulfil the aims of the Trust and understanding the policies and procedures of the organisation and suitable competent to carry out their roles. The Manager should ensure that minimum mandatory training requirements for all his staff are met and updated on regular basis and records are maintained Manuals Fully Met Manual of every equipment present for safety reasons. The manuals are updated by the management on regular basis. Copies of manual printed out and placed in areas where it can be easily accessed. Hazard Register Partially Met. The Hazard Register is not updated, certain risk was identified but corrective measures still needs to be in place. The register has written confirmation of all statutory relating to fire safety and standards complied during fire drill. Organisational requirement The manager has to ensure that the risk assessment is carried out for all areas of work. To manage the identified risk that have been recorded, corrective action has to be implemented and all staff to be aware of any hazards identified and a control put in place. The Manager has to review the risk management records on regular basis. He also has to see to the events including accidents injuries and incidents of fire records and fire drills. Staff uses appropriate protective clothing and equipment suitable for the work to reduce the risk of harm and injuries to others and also to themselves. Inventories Partially Met. All inventories are recorded and later data transferred to the computer for future reference. The organisation keeps all the required inventories for safety reasons. The broken and old equipment should be discarded and replaced with the new equipment. Organisational requirement To reduce the risk of harm and safety old, broken equipment should to be replaced. 1.2 Health and Safety Systems Legislative Requirement Organisational Requirements Policies and Procedures Fully Met Policies and procedures comply with health and safety legislation for maintaining and providing safety and healthy work place, minimise risk in work practise for welfare of everyone and environment The safety procedures are in formats that are easily understood and special communication needs of people using the building taken into consideration as well. The staffs are familiar with the health and safety arrangements at the work place. Emergency management and the staff are fully aware of them. Policies and procedures also in placed for safe practice and staff are closely monitored all times. Accident Records Partially Met All organisations should have an accident record put in placed at all times. Staffs are to fill any form of accident or incident occurring at the work place. An accident record file with previous accident records should be present at the premises as this may help for future references. All accident and incident reports are documentation, investigated within 24 hours of occurrence. Reported to and reviewed by the clinical coordinator. Corrective measures initiated immediately and data compiled on the data base and the paper work sent to the main office where it is kept in file. Standards Fully Met The standards are aimed to ensure respect, protection of the rights of people at the Trust and that the standards are qualitative which provides meaning to the residents life Standards have been reviewed yearly which includes general standards, core standards, infection prevention and control standards, restraint minimisation standards, organisational management and providing of safe environment. Job Description Fully Met Staffs are qualified, competent and experienced to manage needs of intellectual disabled clients and also meet the purpose, aims and objectives of the organisation. Job description enables an individual to have authority and take up responsibilities for duties assigned. The staffs have to ensure that all legally required certificate and licences are updated and displayed when required. The organisation ensures that each staff gets proper orientation before commencing of his or her duties. Manuals Almost Met. Manuals should be in place for all staff to refer to for procedures on health and safety and corrective measures of using certain equipment. Manuals on how to use equipments available and kept in files. No written safety rules developed and posted around the equipment. Copies of manual printed out and placed in areas where it can be easily accessed. Hazard Register Partially Met Hazard register is updated and kept to carry out risk assessment of the work area. Action taken around the identified risk. Clear procedure in placed setting out the action to be taken together with reporting requirements. Significant events such as accidents, injuries, dangerous occurrence and incidents of fire are recorded and updated. Staff wears appropriate protective clothing and equipment in times of emergencies. The manager has to ensure that the risk assessment is carried out for all areas of work. To manage the identified risk that have been recorded, corrective action has to be implemented and all staff to be aware of any hazards identified and a control put in place. The Manager has to review the risk management records on regular basis. He also has to see to the events including accidents injuries and incidents of fire records and fire drills. Staff uses appropriate protective clothing and equipment suitable for the work to reduce the risk of harm and injuries to others and also to themselves. Training Records Partially Met. Promotion of safe working practice through acknowledging provision of information, training, monitoring, supervision of staff under safe working environment, fire safety, infection control, manual handling, first Aid, food safety, maintaining of equipment, personal safety at work. The Manager should ensure that minimum mandatory training requirements for all his staff are met and updated on regular basis and records are maintained. Staff needs their competency and skills assessed to determine the need for further training. Inventories Partially Met. Organisation should be up to date equipped with necessary resources at the facility to maintain health and safety. An inventories record should available at all times with expiry dates for equipment. The organisation keeps all the required inventories for safety reasons. The broken and old equipment should be discarded and replaced with the new equipment. To reduce the risk of harm and safety old, broken equipment should to be replaced. Assessment Task 2 Develop a plan for improvement to Occupational Health and Safety systems. Health and Safety System Degree of Compliance Assessment of the significance of Hazards Cost Benefit Analysis Policies and Procedures Compliance No risk – organisation meets the requirements Nil Accident Records Non Compliance properly completed accident forms and records should be kept High risk of hazard No accident records present, staff may not know how to handle on similar types of accidents as no references available. Low cost – printing of materials, buying a file and filing of documents. Standards Compliance No risk – organisation meets with all requirement Nil Job Description Compliance No risk – organisation meets with all requirements. Nil Manuals Non Compliance High risk of hazard. Most manuals are old, torn and out dated. Low cost – reprinting of manuals. Benefit would be for safeguard. Hazard Register Non Compliance no records of eliminating, isolating or minimising on file. High risk of hazard – no proper records available for future references. Proper and corrective action taken should be in place and recorded in file. Low cost – buying a folder and filing of the documents. Benefit for safeguard Training Records Non Compliance High risk of hazard – long serving staff not aware of new ideas and manage changing behaviours of clients. Staffs not up to date with training, staff personal information not complete. Medium cost – in house training for staff. A yearly staff training calendar posted in staff room to ensure all staff receives proper training. Refresher course made available for long serving staff and that they are up to date with qualification. Inventories Record Non Compliance High risk of hazard – staff may be use expired and broken equipment which may cause harm and injuries to themselves as well as to the residents. Also to reduce the risk of infection at the facility it is best for the organisation to maintain adequate resources at all times Low cost – a proper exercise book bought and all data entered in the journal which later transferred to the computer. medium cost – for the right equipment and resources such as gloves, hand wash, soaps and toilet paper and cleaning material Element 3 Size and location of the workplace The Agape Homes Trust which is known as Agape Care is a charitable organisation which is supported by local churches and provides services to highly need adults who has intellectual disability. The organisation is based in West Auckland. It is a small organisation with about 15 staff and about 25 clients. The organisation can implement corrective measures but have problems with allocated budget and resources. Financial viability of the organisation The Agape Homes Trust is a Non Government Organisation which survives on charity and is supported by local community churches. Since the cost of the strategies are small and can be catered with allocated budget. The organisation is not financially stable since it runs of charity. It can only spend small amount on money on health and safety programmes. Existing Management systems The organisation have set up templates on the computer and available polices and procedures. The clinical coordinator, manager and the team leader have the right knowledge and skills of the existing organisation system around health and safety. Commitment to ISO or other quality management practices. The organisation follows ISO and New Zealand standards which is reflected in the policies and procedures and all programmes. Overall Strategies Corrective Action Accident Records Ensuring that there are two people signing off all accidents. The team leader ensures all documents are properly filled The manager and clinical coordinator amends policies for accidents and incidents register Monitoring of Hazards Modifying ways to monitor hazards and recording them. Assigning a person to be in charge of monitoring the register. Working with team leaders, clinical coordinator and manager to develop and implement ideas. Training Conducting in house trainings for staff infection control, fire control. External training – First Aid certification and CPR training. Refresher courses – handing washing, medication competency and manual handling. Professional development training – Diploma in healthcare, Mental health, Treaty of Waitangi, rights and ethics, leadership courses. Challenging behaviour management courses. Qualification based on certificates – Diploma, NZQA qualification and certification Modification of induction training – orientation at work, interviews and appraisal. Manuals Working with team leaders and management to improve the manuals, communication styles suitable for everyone to understand. Printing out simple procedures and making attractive charts with diagram illustrations. Inventories One of the staff is assigned to keep checks on supplies and resources. The team leader checks the inventory journal at all times. Devika Chandra Kumari

The Use of ERGs for Early Glaucoma Detection :: Medicine Medical Medicinal Essays

The Use of ERGs for Early Glaucoma Detection Glaucoma is a degenerative disease which can be caused by high intraocular pressure (IOP) (Glaucoma, 2002). This IOP arises in the aqueous humor, the area between the cornea and the iris, where a drainage system allows the aqueous to drain from this area and recycle (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). A specific balance of the production and removal of aqueous determines the IOP. Either malfunction or malformation of this drainage system can cause a rise in pressure. The elevated pressure causes irrevocable damage to the optic nerve and retinal fibers as well as damage to the other areas of the visual system, which leads to a gradual and permanent loss of vision if not treated (Glaucoma, 2002). Damage to the optic nerve causes loss of vision because this nerve, or group of ganglion axons, is responsible for transporting images to the brain from the eye. While there are other possible causes of glaucoma, such as variations of the myocilin gene, IOP is thought to be the main cause (Learn abo ut Glaucoma, 2002). Treatment, especially with early detection, can slow or cease continued damage. Types of Glaucoma There are several types of glaucoma, the most prominent types being Open Angle, and Acute Angle Closure and the more infrequent types including Secondary Glaucoma, Congenital Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), and Pigmentary Glaucoma. Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG), the most prevalent form of glaucoma (Glaucoma, 2002), is painless, and can go unnoticed without the help of an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Obstructed drainage channels, which develop over a period of time, characterize this type of glaucoma. These obstructions are not present at the openings of the channels, rather they occur inside the channels. The aqueous cannot recycle because of these obstructed channels, the IOP rises, and damage results (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma, however, is much more painful and results in rapid vision loss. In this case, the iris and cornea are not wide enough apart which can cause the edge of the iris to block the drainage channels (Learn about Glaucoma; and Glaucoma, 2002). Secondary Glaucoma results from other eye diseases or problems, such as diabetes, trauma, and tumors . Congenital Glaucoma is a rare glaucoma found in infants (Glaucoma, 2002). Normal Tension Glaucoma occurs in those with normal IOP’s but have damage to the optic nerve. Pigmentary Glaucoma results from parts of the pigment in the iris breaking off and slowly clogging the drainage channels. The Use of ERGs for Early Glaucoma Detection :: Medicine Medical Medicinal Essays The Use of ERGs for Early Glaucoma Detection Glaucoma is a degenerative disease which can be caused by high intraocular pressure (IOP) (Glaucoma, 2002). This IOP arises in the aqueous humor, the area between the cornea and the iris, where a drainage system allows the aqueous to drain from this area and recycle (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). A specific balance of the production and removal of aqueous determines the IOP. Either malfunction or malformation of this drainage system can cause a rise in pressure. The elevated pressure causes irrevocable damage to the optic nerve and retinal fibers as well as damage to the other areas of the visual system, which leads to a gradual and permanent loss of vision if not treated (Glaucoma, 2002). Damage to the optic nerve causes loss of vision because this nerve, or group of ganglion axons, is responsible for transporting images to the brain from the eye. While there are other possible causes of glaucoma, such as variations of the myocilin gene, IOP is thought to be the main cause (Learn abo ut Glaucoma, 2002). Treatment, especially with early detection, can slow or cease continued damage. Types of Glaucoma There are several types of glaucoma, the most prominent types being Open Angle, and Acute Angle Closure and the more infrequent types including Secondary Glaucoma, Congenital Glaucoma, Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), and Pigmentary Glaucoma. Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG), the most prevalent form of glaucoma (Glaucoma, 2002), is painless, and can go unnoticed without the help of an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Obstructed drainage channels, which develop over a period of time, characterize this type of glaucoma. These obstructions are not present at the openings of the channels, rather they occur inside the channels. The aqueous cannot recycle because of these obstructed channels, the IOP rises, and damage results (Learn about Glaucoma, 2002). Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma, however, is much more painful and results in rapid vision loss. In this case, the iris and cornea are not wide enough apart which can cause the edge of the iris to block the drainage channels (Learn about Glaucoma; and Glaucoma, 2002). Secondary Glaucoma results from other eye diseases or problems, such as diabetes, trauma, and tumors . Congenital Glaucoma is a rare glaucoma found in infants (Glaucoma, 2002). Normal Tension Glaucoma occurs in those with normal IOP’s but have damage to the optic nerve. Pigmentary Glaucoma results from parts of the pigment in the iris breaking off and slowly clogging the drainage channels.